Politics
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Coronation as co-emperor of Michael Rangabe.

Republic

The emperor is elected by the army & voted in by the senate, & thus hailed as Augustus. The emperor would appoint his heir as co-emperor, so this is only really done when there is no emperor, or when someone seeks to usurp imperial power.

The emperor is the living law (nómos émpsychos) & penultimate benefactor (euergétis), caretaker (philanthrōpía), & savior (sōtḗr) of his subjects (párœcos). The entire state & all that which is found in it is his household (œcuménē), & he is the house-lawmaker (œconómos). His subjects are able to own land or industry, trade, & otherwise do anything else in the empire by virtue of their emperor’s authority. So it is impossible to, e.g., bribe him, because he owns all of the currency—bearing either his name & face, or that of his father—which he can then take at will.

The senate is seated by some thousand members, all of which are dignitaries &/or administrators. To be in the senate is to be, & have one’s relatives by extension be, noble—i.e. not plebeian.

The empire is composed of diœceses (diœ́cēsis), which in turn are composed of provinces (eparchía, or théma). Provinces are jurisdictions of & around cities, ruled by the governor. The prefect, or duke, or captain, then rules over the governors. Of course, the emperor rules over the prefects.

Many western states, such as Russia, were originally structured not unlike a lesser Roman principality. So their princes or kings were never elected but, rather, like the senate, followed the order & precedence of noble houses.

Kingdoms

According to Christians, the first diluvian kingdom upon the earth was of Nembrod. Before him, the whole world was ruled by Noe, then his son Sem, then after him Arphaxad.
🚧 Under construction 🚧

Babylonians

Chaldæan

Beginning from the Tower at Babel:

Arabian

Assyrian

Medæn

Chaldæan

Non-dynastic:

The Persian king Cyrus conquered Babylon & overthrew Darius Astyages.

Ægyptians

Beginning from the Tower at Babel:

The Chaldæan king Nabuchodonosor defeated Nechao, & subjugated Ægypt to Babylon. But it was the Persian king Cambyses who overthrew Amosis & conquered Ægypt.

Beginning from the second year of the Persian king Darius Nothus, the Ægyptians rebelled:

Nectanebo fled Ægypt to Macedon where he secretly sired Alexander the Great.

Hebrews

Judges

Beginning from the Israelites entrance into Palestine:

Kings
…

The Hebrews were a nation from Abraham, himself being of the Chaldæans. Their name means “to cross,” in reference to when he crossed the river Euphrates out of Chaldæa (Assyria) into Chanaan (Palestine). They were then divided into twelve tribes according to the children of Israel (Jacob).

According to Christians, the Hebrews were given over to annihilation by God (cf. Dan. 9:26) in 5579 AM under the Roman emperor Titus. This prophecized event, unlike the Ægyptian servitude (cf. Gen. 15:13) or the Assyrian exile (cf. Esa. 39:6-7, Jer. 25:11-12), has no term given. Eusebius Pamphilius tells us of how they were destroyed:

Titus beseiged the Jews, devastated Jerusalem, & killed sixty thousand men. [Flavius] Joseph also says one million & one hundred thousands perished by famine & the sword, but another thirty thousands of the captives were sold off. He states the feast of Passover was responsible for the great number of people which happened to be at the city. During the festival, the whole nation had come together & were hemmed into the city as if they were in a prison. For it was neccesary that those who had plotted against the Savior during the days of Passover should suffer punishment for what they had dared at no other time but then.

Persians

Achmæmenid

Beginning from Cyrus’ conquest of Babylon:

The Greek king Alexander conquered Persepolis & overthrew Darius (son of Aramus).

The later Parthians began with Arsaces (5442 AM), descendent of Artaxerxes Mnemon, & ended with Artabanus (5733 AM), when he fell to the Persian Artaxares, son of Sasanus.

The later Persians, also called the Sasanians, began with Artaxares (5756 AM), son of Sasanus, & ended with Hormisdas (6782 AM), when he fell to the Hagarene Umar.

Panodorus of Alexandria, whose chronology the whole world uses, counts the reign of the Persian king Cyrus as nine years longer than the renowed George Syncellus. Therefore, for any given date by Syncellus after Cyrus, add nine years.

Greeks

Sicyonian

Beginning from Nachor’s seventy sixth year:

After Zeuxippus, the priests of Carnius ruled the Sicyonians, until 4238 AM.

Agrive

Beginning from the Assyrian king Bascheleus’ third year:

The Ægyptian king Danaus (Armæus), when overthrown by his brother, fled to Greece & overthrew Sthenelus.

Danaan

Pelopennesian

After Orestes, the sons of Hyllus, son of Heracles—also called the Dorians—conquered the Pelopennese.

Lacedæmonian

Corinthian

After Alcamenes & Automenes, an annual succession of kings followed.

Athenians

Cecrops the Double-natured depiction as half-man & half-serpent, according to some, symbolizes being of two tongues, Greek & Ægyptian.

After kings, the archons follow:
…

Macedonian

After Philip II, Alexander the Great became king of Macedon & conquered the world.

Alexandrian

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Alexander the Great.

Beginning from Alexander’s conquest of Babylon:

The Roman dictator Julius Cæsar subjugated Alexandria to Rome, but it was Cæsar Augustus who overthrew Cleopatra & conquered Alexandria.

As for the other partitions of Alexander’s empire:

The Macedonian dynasty began with Arrhidæus (5187 AM), & ended with Perseus (5342 AM), when he fell to the Roman Æmilius.

The Asian dynasty began with Antigonus (5198 AM), & ended with Demetrius Poliorcetes (5208 AM), when he fell to Seleucus Nicanor.

The Antiochian dynasty, also called the Seleucians, began with Seleucus Nicanor (5204 AM), & ended with Antiochus Cyzicenus (5406 AM), when he fell to the Roman Pompey.

Romans

Latin

Beginning from the conquest of Troy:

Roman

Tullus Hostilius was the first to don the purple mantle & hold a royal scepter.

Consuls
…

Julian

Cæsar Augustus, Tiberius, Gaius Caligula, Claudius, & Nero.

Cæsar Augustus was the first to be called emperor.

Flavian

Vespasian, Titus, & Domitian.

Nervan

Nerva, Trajan, Ælius Hadrian, Titus Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, & Helvius Pertinax.

Non-dynastic:

Severan

Severus, Antoninus Caracalla, Macrinus, Aurelius Antoninus, Alexander (son of Mamæa), Maximinus, Gordian, Philip, Decius, Galus, Valerian, Claudius, Aurelian, Tacitus, Diocletian & Galerius (Maximianus Jovius).

Non-dynastic:

Constantinian

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St. Constantine the Great.
St. Constantine the Great, St. Helen, Constantius, & Jovian

Non-dynastic:

Only the gentiles remember Julian the Apostate (5871 AM) as an emperor. Christians omit his name.

Valentinian

Valentinian the Great, Valens, Gratian, & Valentinian

Theodosian

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St. Theodosius the Younger.
St. Theodosius the Great, Arcadius, Honorius, St. Pulcheria, & St. Marcian

Leonid

St. Leo the Great, Leo the Younger, Zeno, Basiliscus, & Anastasius Dicorus.

Justinian

SS. Justinian the Great & Theodora.
Justin the Thracian, St. Justinian the Great, Justin, Tiberius Constantine, Maurice, Theodosius (son of Maurice), & Phocas.

Non-dynastic:

Heraclian

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St. Constantine the New, & Justinian Rhinotmetus.
Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine, Heraclonas, Constans the Bearded, St. Constantine the New, Justinian Rhinotmetus, Leontius, Tiberius Apsimar, Philippicus Bardanes, Anastasius, & Theodosius

Non-dynastic:

Syrian

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Irene of Athens.
Leo the Syrian, Constantine Copronymus, Leo the Chazar, & Constantine the Blinded.

Nicephorian

Nicephorus the Logothete, Stavracius, Michael Rangabe, & Leo the Armenian

Non-dynastic:

Phrygian

St. Theodora the Restorer of Orthodoxy & Theophilus.
Michael the Stammerer, Theophilus, & Michael the Drunkard.

Macedonian

Leo the Wise & St. Theophano.
Alexander & Constantine Monomachus.
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St. Nicephorus Phocas.
Basil the Macedonian, Leo the Wise, Alexander, Romanus Lecapenus, Christopher Lecapenus, Constantine Lecapenus, Stephen Lecapenus, Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Romanus II, St. Nicephorus Phocas, John Tzimisces, Basil the Bulgar-slayer, Constantine VIII, Zoë Porphyrogenita, Romanus Argyrus, Michael the Paphlagonian, Michael the Caulker, Theodora Porphyrogenita, Constantine Monomachus, & Michael Bringas the General
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Isaac Comnenus.

Non-dynastic:

Dukid

Eudocia Macrembolitissa, & Nicephorus Botaniates.
Constantine Ducas, & Romanus Diogenes.

Comnenian

John the Good.
Manuel the Great & Maria of Antioch.
Alexius I Comnenus, John the Good, Manuel the Great, Alexius II Comnenus, & Adronicus Comnenus.

Angelian

Isaac Angelus, Alexius III Angelus, Alexius IV Angelus, & Alexius Angelus Murtzuphlus.

Lascarian

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St. John Ducas Batatzes.
Theodore I Lascaris, St. John Ducas Batatzes, Theodore II Lascaris, & John Lascaris.

Palæologan

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John Cantacuzenus (Josaphat in monasticism) at the Ninth Œcumenical Council.
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Manuel Palæologus (Matthew in monasticism).
Michael VIII Palæologus, Michael IX Palæologus, & Andronicus Palæologus the Elder.
Andronicus Palæologus the Younger, John V Palæologus, & John Cantacuzenus (Josaphat in monasticism).
John VI Palæologus, Manuel Palæologus (Matthew in monasticism), & Andronicus IV Palæologus.
John VIII Palæologus, & Constantine Dragases Palæologus.

The Turkish ruler Mohamet II overthrew Constantine Dragases Palæologus & took Constantinople, but the senate fled to the Russian prince John the Great.

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St. Prince David of Trapezunt with his family.

The last place the Palæologan state ruled after the fall of Constantinople was a principality in Mangup, Taurica, also called Crimea—but then called Theodoro & Gotthia. It was a remnant of the despotat of Trapezunt, which in turn was under a branch of the Comnenian dynasty. The last ruler of Trapezunt was St. David Comnenus (†6972 AM). The last ruler of Theodoro was an Alexander Palæologus, son of an Isaac Palæologus (†6984 AM).

Russians

Rurikid

John the Great, & Basil III (Barlaam in monasticism).
John the Terrible, & Theodore the Blessed.
Boris Godunov (Bogolep in monasticism), Basil Šuisky.

Non-dynastic:

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Varangians at the Hippodrome, Constantinople.

It needs be mentioned that John the Terrible was not the first of Moscow to take the name emperor, but only the first explicitly crowned so. John the Great took the name emperor when he married Sophia Palæologue—daughter of Thomas Palæologus, brother of Constantine Dragases Palæologus. A prior prince of Moscow, St. Vladimir the Great, married Anna, daughter of Romanus II. Thus, according to Christians, Moscow is the rightful heir to the mantle (chlamýs) of St. Constantine. This is symbolized by the crown of Monomakh’, which was gifted to St. Vladimir Monomakh’ by Constantine Monomachus when the former married a relative of the latter. It was Emperor Basil (Barlaam in monasticism) who was told by Philotheus of Pskov (†7051 AM):

Two Romes have fallen. The third stands. And there will not be a fourth. No one will replace your Christian empire!

Romanov

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St. Nicholas Romanov the Passion-bearer.
Michael Romanov, & Alexis Romanov.

After St. Nicholas Romanov the Passion-bearer, Russia was subjected to the Bolshevik yoke until 7500 AM.

Presidents

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Vladimir Putin.

According to Christians, the Mother of God revealed to Eudocia of Kolomskoye an icon of her enthroned, which is interpreted as meaning she is reigning as empress. Theophan of Poltava (†7448 AM)—who was the father-confessor of St. Nicholas the Passion-bearer—said:

The people themselves will restore the Orthodox monarchy. A mighty emperor will be placed upon the throne by God Himself. … He will be of the Romanov dynasty, through the maternal line.

Nations

The nation (éthnos), also called race, is a union of tribes (phylḗ), also called stock, which in turn is of families (génos), also called clans.

This union is properly & strictly of language (glō̂ssa). The union of stock may be be of ancestry. But bodily features & culture are accidental to nationality & tribe.
🚧 Under construction 🚧

Sem

Father Nation
Ælam (🇮🇷 Persians)
Assur (🇮🇶 Assyrians)
Arphaxad (🇮🇶 Chaldæans)
Lud (🇹🇷 Lydians)
Aram 🇸🇾 Syriacs
Caïnan

Arphaxad

Father Nation
Caïnan
Sala (🇮🇷 Susianians)
Eber 🇸🇾 Syrians
🇪🇬 Ægyptians
🇮🇶 Iraqis
🇸🇦 Arabians
🇩🇿 Algerians
Phalec
Jectan

Jectan

Father Nation
Elmodad 🇮🇳 Indians
Saleth
Sarmoth (🇸🇦 Arabians)
Jarach
Hodorrha (🇮🇷 Carmanians)
Æbel 🇮🇷 Iranians
🇦🇫 Afghanis
Decla (🇵🇰 Baluchis)
Eval (🇮🇷 Scythians)
Abimael (🇮🇷 Hyrcanians)
Saba
Huphir (🇦🇫 Bactrians)
Evila 🇧🇩 Bengalis
Jobab

Aram

Father Nation
Uz (🇬🇪 Colchians)
Ul
Gater
Mosoch (🇬🇪 Moësians)

Cham

Father Nation
Chus 🇪🇹 Æthiopians
Mesraïn (🇪🇬 Copts)
Phud 🇲🇦 Moroccans
Chanaan

Chus

Father Nation
Saba (🇾🇪 Sabæans)
Evila
Sabatha (🇸🇴 Astaborans)
Rhegma
Sabathaca

Rhegma

Father Nation
Saba
Dadan (🇹🇩 Judadeans)

Mesraïn

Father Nation
Ludiim
Nephthalim
Enemetiim
Labiim
Patrosoniim
Chasmoniim
Gaphthoriim

Chanaan

Father Nation
Sidon (🇱🇧 Phœnecians)
Chettite
Jebusite
Amorite
Girgasite
Evite
Arucite (🇱🇧 Tripolitans)
Asennite
Aradian (🇸🇾 Aradians)
Samarean
Amathite (🇸🇾 Emathians)

Japheth

Father Nation
Gamer 🇫🇮 Finnish
🇭🇺 Hungarians
🇹🇷 Turks
🇲🇳 Mongols
🇨🇳 Chinese
🇰🇵 Koreans
🇯🇵 Japanese
Magog 🇮🇪 Irish
Madœ (🇮🇷 Medes)
Jovan (🇬🇷 Greeks)
Thobel 🇮🇹 Italians
🇪🇸 Spaniards
🇵🇹 Portuguese
🇦🇩 Andorrans
🇫🇷 French
🇷🇴 Romanians
Mosoch 🇦🇱 Albanians
Thiras (🇷🇴 Dacians)

Gamer

Father Nation
Aschanaz 🇩🇪 Germans
🇳🇱 Dutch
🇬🇧 English
🇸🇪 Swedes
🇮🇸 Icelanders
🇱🇹 Lithuanians
🇵🇱 Poles
🇷🇺 Russians
🇸🇰 Slovaks
🇧🇬 Bulgarians
🇷🇸 Serbians
🇸🇮 Slovenes
Riphath 🇷🇺 Ossetians
Thorgama 🇬🇪 Georgians
🇦🇲 Armenians

Jovan

Father Nation
Elisa (🇮🇹 Sicilians)
Tharsis (🇪🇸 Iberians)
Cetians 🇬🇷 Greeks
Rhodians (🇬🇷 Rhodians)

Chronicles

Years
Anno Mundi Genesis 1 AM
Olympiad Olympic Games 4721 AM
Anno Urbis Conditæ Founding of Rome 4752 AM
Anno Græcorum Conquest of Seleucus 5180 AM
Anno Domini Nativity of the Lord 5509 AM

Each Olympiad is a four year interval.

One of three months is taken as the beginning of the year:

The ancients almost always counted the first way, while now it, with the second, is only now used by the gentiles, but Christians use the third.

Money

Roman Greek Persian
Nummus = 1 nummus Drachma = 1 drachma —————
Follis = 40 nummi Mina = 100 drachmæ Siglus = 1 siglus
Solidus = 420 folles Talent = 60 minæ Daric = 20 sigli
Slavic British
Kopeck = 1 kopeck Penny = 1 penny
—————— Shilling = 12 pence
Ruble = 100 kopecks Pound = 20 shillings

Silver coins were fist minted by Allyattes, king of Lydia. Gold coins were first minted by Cyrus, king of Persia, when he conquered Lydia.

References

Politics

Nations

Christian

Greek

Latin

British

Georgian

Russian

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